Evidence Act 2006

Trial process - Questioning of witnesses

90: Use of documents in questioning witness or refreshing memory

You could also call this:

"Using documents to help remember or answer questions when giving evidence in court"

Illustration for Evidence Act 2006

When you are questioning a witness in a court case, you must not use a document that has been excluded under section 28, 29, or 30. You are not allowed to show a witness a document that has been excluded under these sections. If you want to use a document to question a witness, you must show it to all the other parties in the case.

If a witness wants to look at a document while giving evidence, they must show it to all the other parties in the case. The witness can only look at the document if the Judge says it is okay or if all the other parties agree. If the witness wants to look at the document to remember something, they can only do so with the Judge's permission.

A witness can look at a document to refresh their memory while giving evidence, but only if the Judge says it is okay and the document was made when their memory was fresh. This rule does not allow a witness to look at a document that has been excluded under section 28, 29, or 30. If a witness made a statement before that is consistent with what they are saying in court, the court can use that statement if it is reliable and the witness cannot remember the information.

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View the original legislation for this page at https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0120/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM393921.


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Part 3Trial process
Questioning of witnesses

90Use of documents in questioning witness or refreshing memory

  1. A party must not, for the purpose of questioning a witness in a proceeding, use a document that has been excluded under section 28, 29, or 30.

  2. A witness must not consult a document that has been excluded under section 28, 29, or 30 while giving evidence.

  3. If when questioning a witness a party proposes to use a document or to show a document to the witness, that document must be shown to every other party to the proceeding.

  4. If a witness proposes to consult a document while giving evidence,—

  5. that document must be shown to every other party to the proceeding; and
    1. that document may not be consulted by that witness—
      1. without the prior leave of the Judge or the consent of the other parties; or
        1. if the purpose of consulting that document is to refresh his or her memory while giving evidence, except in accordance with subsection (5).
        2. For the purposes of refreshing his or her memory while giving evidence, a witness may, with the prior leave of the Judge, consult a document made or adopted at a time when his or her memory was fresh.

        3. Subsection (5) is subject to subsection (2).

        4. A previous statement of a witness that is consistent with a witness’s evidence is admissible if—

        5. the circumstances relating to the statement provide reasonable assurance that the statement is reliable; and
          1. the statement provides the court with information that the witness is unable to recall.
            Notes
            • Section 90(1): amended, on , by section 25(1) of the Evidence Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 44).
            • Section 90(2): amended, on , by section 25(1) of the Evidence Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 44).
            • Section 90(7): inserted, on , by section 25(2) of the Evidence Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 44).