Legislation Act 2019

Interpretation and application of legislation - General definitions and interpretation provisions

13: Definitions of terms for all legislation

You could also call this:

"What special words mean in New Zealand laws"

When you read laws in New Zealand, some words have special meanings. You need to know what these words mean to understand the laws. The law explains what these words mean.

The law says an Act is a law made by the Parliament of New Zealand. It also says commencement is when a law starts. A Commonwealth country is a country that is part of the Commonwealth, like New Zealand.

A consular officer is someone who does consular work, like helping people from their country who are in New Zealand. A de facto partner is someone in a de facto relationship, which is explained in section 14. A department is a government group that looks after certain laws.

The law also explains what other words mean, like enactment, Gazette, and Governor-General in Council. It says what legislation and legislation website mean, which you can find in section 5(1). A maker is also explained in section 5.

You can find more explanations for words like Minister, Ministry, and month. The law says what New Zealand means, and it does not include some islands. It explains what North Island and South Island mean, and what a working day is.

The law also says what writing means, which is when you represent words in a visible way, like in print. But you can also write electronically, as explained in the Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017.

Other words explained in the law include office, Order in Council, and person. It says what prescribed means, which is when something is set by a law. You can find more explanations for words like presentation exemption, proceeding, and Proclamation.

The law explains what public notification means, which is when you tell the public about something. It says what repeal means, which is when a law is cancelled or replaced. You can find more explanations for words like rules of court, and secondary legislation, which is explained in section 5(1).

The law also explains what territorial limits of New Zealand mean, which is the edge of New Zealand's waters. It says what writing means, and how you can do it electronically.

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This page was last updated on

View the original legislation for this page at https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0120/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM7298197.


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"Laws only apply from the date they start, not before they were made."


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14: Meaning of de facto relationship, or

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Part 2Interpretation and application of legislation
General definitions and interpretation provisions

13Definitions of terms for all legislation

  1. In legislation,—

    Act means an Act—

    1. of the Parliament of New Zealand; or
      1. of the General Assembly

        commencement, in relation to any legislation, means the time when the legislation comes into force

          Commonwealth country and part of the Commonwealth mean a country that is a member of the Commonwealth; and include a territory for the international relations of which the member is responsible

            consular officer means a person who has authority to exercise consular functions

              de facto partner means a person who is a party to a de facto relationship (as defined in section 14)

                department, in relation to any legislation, means the department, departmental agency, or interdepartmental venture (as named in Part 1, 2, or 4 of Schedule 2 of the Public Service Act 2020) that, with the authority of the Prime Minister, is responsible for the administration of the legislation

                  enactment means the whole or a part of an Act or any secondary legislation

                    Gazette means the New Zealand Gazette (or a supplement to the New Zealand Gazette) published or purporting to be published under the authority of the New Zealand Government

                      Governor-General in Council or a similar expression means the Governor-General acting on the advice and with the consent of the Executive Council

                        legislation has the meaning set out in section 5(1)

                          legislation website has the meaning set out in section 5(1)

                            maker has the meaning set out in section 5

                              Minister, in relation to any legislation, means the Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of a warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is responsible for the administration of the legislation

                                Ministry, in relation to any legislation, means the department, departmental agency, or interdepartmental venture (as named in Part 1, 2, or 4 of Schedule 2 of the Public Service Act 2020) that, with the authority of the Prime Minister, is responsible for the administration of the legislation

                                  month means a calendar month

                                    New Zealand or similar words referring to New Zealand, when used as a territorial description,—

                                    1. means the islands and territories within the Realm of New Zealand; but
                                      1. does not include the self-governing State of the Cook Islands, the self-governing State of Niue, Tokelau, or the Ross Dependency

                                        North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, both official alternative names, means the island commonly known as the North Island, and includes the islands adjacent to it

                                          office includes position

                                            Order in Council means an order made by the Governor-General in Council

                                              person includes a corporation sole, a body corporate, and an unincorporated body

                                                prescribed means prescribed by or under legislation

                                                  presentation exemption has the meaning set out in section 5(1)

                                                    proceeding means a proceeding (whether civil, criminal, disciplinary, or other, at any stage, and interlocutory or main)—

                                                    1. in or before a court or tribunal, or before a person acting judicially; or
                                                      1. of a person or body performing administrative functions, investigative functions, or both

                                                        Proclamation means a Proclamation made and signed by the Governor-General under the Seal of New Zealand and (if it is not legislation) published in the Gazette

                                                          public notification, public notice, or a similar expression in relation to an act, a matter, or a thing, means a notice published—

                                                          1. in the Gazette; or
                                                            1. in 1 or more newspapers circulating in the area to which the act, matter, or thing relates or in which it arises; or
                                                              1. on an Internet site that is administered by or on behalf of the person who must or may publish the notice, and that is publicly available as far as practicable and free of charge

                                                                repeal, in relation to any legislation, includes—

                                                                1. expiry (or any other lapsing or ceasing of effect); and
                                                                  1. revocation; and
                                                                    1. replacement

                                                                      rules of court, in relation to a court, means rules regulating the practice and procedure of the court

                                                                        secondary legislation has the meaning set out in section 5(1)

                                                                          South Island or Te Waipounamu, both official alternative names, means the island commonly known as the South Island, and includes the islands adjacent to it

                                                                            territorial limits of New Zealand, limits of New Zealand, or a similar expression, when used as a territorial description, means the outer limits of the territorial sea of New Zealand

                                                                              working day means a day of a week other than—

                                                                              1. a Saturday, a Sunday, Waitangi Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Anzac Day, the Sovereign’s birthday, Te Rā Aro ki a Matariki/Matariki Observance Day, and Labour Day; and
                                                                                1. a day in the period commencing with 25 December in a year and ending with 2 January in the following year; and
                                                                                  1. if 1 January falls on a Friday, the following Monday; and
                                                                                    1. if 1 January falls on a Saturday or a Sunday, the following Monday and Tuesday; and
                                                                                      1. if Waitangi Day or Anzac Day falls on a Saturday or a Sunday, the following Monday

                                                                                        writing means representing or reproducing words, figures, or symbols in a visible and tangible form and medium (for example, in print) (but see Part 4 of the Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017, which provides for meeting written requirements by electronic means).

                                                                                        Compare
                                                                                        Notes
                                                                                        • Section 13 department: replaced, on , by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
                                                                                        • Section 13 Ministry: replaced, on , by section 4(2) of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
                                                                                        • Section 13 North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui: amended, on , by section 68(1) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
                                                                                        • Section 13 South Island or Te Waipounamu: amended, on , by section 68(2) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
                                                                                        • Section 13 working day paragraph (a): replaced, on , by wehenga 7 o Te Ture mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki 2022/section 7 of the Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Act 2022 (2022 No 14).