4Interpretation

1. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

   accident includes a launch failure

   aircraft has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023

   authorisation holder means the person who is the sole holder of a GBSI activity authorisation or all of the holders of a GBSI activity authorisation, as the case may be

   chief executive means the chief executive of the department of State that, with the authority of the Prime Minister, is responsible for the administration of this Act

   communicate with means send information to, receive information from, or both

   Director of Civil Aviation means the Director of Civil Aviation appointed under section 31 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023

   enforcement officer means a person appointed under section 57

   facility licence means a licence granted under subpart 5 of Part 2

   flight level, if defined in rules made under the Civil Aviation Act 2023, has the meaning given to it in those rules

   GBSI means ground-based space infrastructure

   GBSI activity authorisation means an authorisation granted under subpart 6A of Part 2

   ground-based space infrastructure, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(13A),—

   1. means infrastructure or other equipment in New Zealand (whether fixed or mobile) that—
      1. is capable of being operated to carry out a regulated activity; and
      2. is not at high altitude or in outer space; but
   2. does not include either of the following:
      1. any infrastructure or other equipment (including television satellite dishes, satellite phones, other mobile phones, and internet access terminals) of a type that is made or supplied primarily for personal, domestic, or household use:
      2. emergency locator beacons

   ground station, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(12), means a facility or place in New Zealand in which equipment is used to track or communicate with—

   1. a launch vehicle or payload that is licensed under this Act; or
   2. a high-altitude vehicle that is licensed under this Act; or
   3. a high-altitude payload that is carried by a high-altitude vehicle that is licensed under this Act

   high altitude means an altitude above the higher of—

2. flight level 600; and
3. the highest upper limit of controlled airspace under the Civil Aviation Act 2023

high-altitude licence means a licence granted under subpart 6 of Part 2

high-altitude payload, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(13),—

1. means an object that is carried or placed, or is intended to be carried or placed, at high altitude; and
2. includes components of a high-altitude vehicle that are specifically designed or adapted for the object (but does not otherwise include a high-altitude vehicle or any of its component parts); and
3. includes a load to be carried for testing purposes or otherwise on a non-profit basis

high-altitude vehicle, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(13), means an aircraft or any other vehicle that travels, is intended to travel, or is capable of travelling to high altitude

intelligence and security agency means—

1. the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service:
2. the Government Communications Security Bureau

launch—

1. means—
   1. causing to take off or depart; or
   2. releasing; and
2. includes an attempted launch

launch facility, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(12),—

1. means a facility (whether fixed or mobile) or place from which it is intended to launch a launch vehicle; and
2. includes all other facilities that are necessary to launch a launch vehicle from the facility or place

launch licence means a licence granted under subpart 1 of Part 2

launch vehicle, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(11), means—

1. a vehicle, the whole or any part of which—
   1. reaches, or is intended to reach, outer space; or
   2. carries or supports the launch of, or is intended to carry or support the launch of, a payload; or
2. any component part of a vehicle described in paragraph (a)

Liability Convention means the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects done at London, Moscow, and Washington on 29 March 1972

licensee means—

1. in relation to a launch licence, the person who is the sole holder of the launch licence or all of the holders of the launch licence, as the case may be:
2. in relation to an overseas launch licence, the person who is the sole holder of the overseas launch licence or all of the holders of the overseas launch licence, as the case may be:
3. in relation to a facility licence, the person who is the sole holder of the facility licence or all of the holders of the facility licence, as the case may be:
4. in relation to a high-altitude licence, the person who is the sole holder of the high-altitude licence or all of the holders of the high-altitude licence, as the case may be

Minister means the Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for the time being responsible for the administration of this Act

New Zealand national means—

1. a New Zealand citizen or permanent resident of New Zealand:
2. a body corporate established by or under the law of New Zealand

operate, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(13B), means either of the following in relation to ground-based space infrastructure:

1. directly communicate with the GBSI, or otherwise exercise direct control over the GBSI, unless the communication or control—
   1. is carried out or exercised by a person on a temporary or intermittent basis; and
   2. is for the purpose of identifying, tracking, controlling, or otherwise communicating with a space object owned or operated by that person, or by a person on whose behalf, or for whose benefit, that person is acting; and
   3. is overseen by someone who ordinarily operates the GBSI and who holds a GBSI activity authorisation to operate the GBSI for that activity:
2. oversee another person’s temporary or intermittent direct communication with, or control over, the GBSI as described in paragraph (a)(i) to (iii)

Outer Space Treaty means the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies done at London, Moscow, and Washington on 27 January 1967

overseas launch licence means a licence granted under subpart 3 of Part 2

overseas payload permit means a permit granted under subpart 4 of Part 2

partner has the meaning given to it in section 49B(4)

partner due diligence arrangements has the meaning given to it in section 49B(4)

payload, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(11),—

1. means an object that is carried or placed, or is intended to be carried or placed, in outer space; and
2. includes components of a launch vehicle that are specifically designed or adapted for the object (but does not otherwise include a launch vehicle or any of its component parts); and
3. includes a load to be carried for testing purposes or otherwise on a non-profit basis

payload permit means a permit granted under subpart 2 of Part 2

permit holder means—

1. in relation to a payload permit, the person who is the sole holder of the payload permit or all of the holders of the payload permit, as the case may be:
2. in relation to an overseas payload permit, the person who is the sole holder of the overseas payload permit or all of the holders of the overseas payload permit, as the case may be

protective security arrangements means arrangements to counter security threats in relation to activities under a licence, permit, or authorisation, including—

1. personnel security arrangements (for example, security clearance assessments); and
2. information security arrangements (for example, information assurance, cybersecurity activities, and protecting classified information); and
3. physical security arrangements (for example, making premises secure)

Registration Convention means the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space done at New York on 14 January 1975

regulated activity has the meaning given to it in section 49A(2)

related equipment, in relation to any launch vehicle, payload, high-altitude vehicle, high-altitude payload, or ground-based space infrastructure, means support equipment, ancillary items, components, and spare parts required to carry out the launch or other activities

security Ministers means—

1. the Minister responsible for the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service; and
2. the Minister responsible for the Government Communications Security Bureau

space object, subject to any regulations made under section 88(1)(11), means—

1. a launch vehicle that is launched, or is intended to be launched, into outer space; or
2. a payload that is carried or launched, or intended to be carried or launched, by a launch vehicle into outer space; or
3. the launch vehicle and the payload (if any) carried by the launch vehicle; or
4. any component part of the launch vehicle or payload, even if—
   1. the part does not reach, or is not intended to reach, outer space; or
   2. the part results from the separation of a payload or payloads from a launch vehicle after launch

technical data—

1. means information—
   1. in any form, including oral information, blueprints, drawings, photographs, video materials, plans, instructions, computer software, and documents; and
   2. that is required for the design, engineering, development, production, processing, manufacture, use, operation, overhaul, repair, maintenance, modification, enhancement, or modernisation of launch vehicles, payloads, high-altitude vehicles, high-altitude payloads, ground-based space infrastructure, or related equipment; but
2. does not include publicly available information.