Customer and Product Data Act 2025

Regulatory and enforcement matters - Civil liability - Pecuniary penalty order

73: Considerations for court in determining pecuniary penalty

You could also call this:

“How the court decides your penalty amount for breaking the Customer and Product Data Act”

When a court decides how much money you have to pay as a penalty, they need to think about many things. They will look at what you did wrong and how bad it was. They will also consider if anyone was hurt or lost money because of what you did. The court will think about whether you made money or avoided losing money by doing the wrong thing.

The court will also check if you have already paid someone back or tried to fix the problem you caused. They will look at what was happening when you did the wrong thing. If you have been in trouble for doing something similar before, the court will think about that too.

When the law talks about ‘your conduct’, it means the things you did that got you in trouble and why you have to pay the penalty.

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View the original legislation for this page at https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0120/latest/link.aspx?id=LMS911705.


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72: Maximum penalty (Tier 2), or

"Big fines for companies and people who break data rules"


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74: Limit on pecuniary penalty for multiple contraventions of same or substantially similar nature, or

"Limit on fines for doing the same wrong thing many times"

Part 4 Regulatory and enforcement matters
Civil liability: Pecuniary penalty order

73Considerations for court in determining pecuniary penalty

  1. In determining an appropriate pecuniary penalty that a person (A) must pay, the court must have regard to all relevant matters, including—

  2. the nature and extent of A’s conduct; and
    1. the nature and extent of any loss or damage suffered by any person because of A’s conduct; and
      1. any gains made or losses avoided by A; and
        1. whether a person has paid an amount of compensation, reparation, or restitution, or taken other steps to avoid, mitigate, or remedy any loss or damage suffered by another person because of A’s conduct; and
          1. the circumstances in which A’s conduct took place; and
            1. whether A has previously been found by a court in a proceeding under this Act, or any other legislation, to have engaged in any similar conduct.
              1. In this section, A’s conduct means the conduct of A for which A is liable to the pecuniary penalty.