Civil Aviation Act 2023

Revocations

Schedule 2: Medical certificates

You could also call this:

"Rules for getting a medical certificate to fly an aircraft safely"

Illustration for Civil Aviation Act 2023

You need a medical certificate to fly an aircraft. The Director decides who gets a medical certificate. You can apply for a medical certificate, and the Director will look at your application. The Director might ask you to do some tests or give more information to help them decide.

If the Director says no to your application, you can ask for a review. The convener will look at the decision and tell the Director what they think. The Director will then make a final decision.

You can also appeal to the District Court if you do not agree with the Director's decision.

The Director can suspend or cancel a medical certificate if they think it is necessary for safety. They can also add conditions to a medical certificate.

The Minister appoints a convener and a deputy convener to help with reviews. The convener and deputy convener are medical practitioners with experience in aviation.

The Director keeps a register of all medical certificates. You can return your medical certificate to the Director if you do not want it anymore.

The Director can give some of their powers to other people, like medical examiners. These people can then make decisions about medical certificates.

The Minister can cancel the appointment of the convener or deputy convener if they are not doing their job properly.

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2Medical certificates Empowered by s 109

1Interpretation

  1. In this schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,—

    accredited medical conclusion means the conclusion reached by 1 or more medical experts acceptable to the Director for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with flight operations or any other experts that may be necessary

      applicant means a person who has applied for a medical certificate and includes a licence holder who has reapplied for a medical certificate

        aviation examiner means a person designated under clause 29(2)

          convener means the person appointed as convener under clause 30

            deputy convener means the person appointed as deputy convener under clause 30

              licence holder means a person who—

              1. holds an aviation document or is permitted under the rules to operate an aircraft solo as a pilot; and
                1. holds, or is required under the rules to hold, a medical certificate

                  specified examination means—

                  1. an examination of visual and colour perception; or
                    1. an examination of hearing; or
                      1. a psychological examination; or
                        1. any other class of examination prescribed in the rules.

                        2. A medical certificate is not an aviation document.

                        3. In this schedule, privileges to which a medical certificate relates, and its variations, means those privileges under this Act that may be exercised by a person who—

                        4. holds a current aviation document; or
                          1. is permitted under the rules to operate an aircraft solo as a pilot.
                            Compare

                            2Application for medical certificate

                            1. A person may apply to the Director for the issue of a medical certificate under this schedule.

                            2. The application must be in accordance with the requirements of the rules.

                            3. The applicant must have a medical examination by a medical examiner, who must forward the medical examiner’s report to the Director.

                            Compare

                            3Powers of Director to require tests, examinations, and information for purpose of assessing application

                            1. The Director may require the applicant, at the applicant’s expense, to undertake any other tests, examinations, or re-examinations conducted by any suitably qualified and experienced person, or to provide any medical information, that the Director reasonably considers necessary to assess the applicant.

                            2. The Director may, by written notice, require any applicant to disclose, or authorise the disclosure of, any information relevant to the applicant’s medical condition or history for the purpose of determining whether the applicant is eligible for a medical certificate.

                            Compare

                            4Referral to convener by agreement

                            1. An application for a medical certificate may, by agreement in writing between the Director and the applicant, be referred by the Director to the convener for advice before the Director makes a decision on the application.

                            2. If an application is referred to the convener under subclause (1),—

                            3. the deadline imposed on the Director under clause 6 does not apply; and
                              1. the convener must,—
                                1. as soon as practicable, assess the application; and
                                  1. draw on the advice and expertise of at least 1 person who the convener is satisfied is suitably qualified and experienced to assist the convener in the convener’s assessment of the application; and
                                    1. require the applicant, at the applicant’s expense, to undertake any tests, examinations, or re-examinations conducted by any suitably qualified and experienced person, or to provide any medical information, that the convener considers reasonably necessary to carry out the convener’s assessment of the application; and
                                      1. have regard to the purposes of this Act and the Director’s duties under this Act when making the convener’s assessment of the application; and
                                        1. receive and consider the relevant evidence provided under subclause (3); and
                                          1. as soon as practicable, report the results of the convener’s assessment to the Director in writing.
                                          2. The applicant or Director may, either directly or through the applicant’s or Director’s medical experts, participate in the convener’s assessment of the application by providing relevant evidence to the convener regarding any medical matter at issue with respect to that application.

                                          3. The convener must not assess the application if the convener—

                                          4. acted as an aviation examiner or a medical examiner of the applicant with respect to the person’s application for a medical certificate; or
                                            1. has any other conflict of interest with respect to the person’s medical certificate.
                                              1. The Director must, within 10 working days of receiving the convener’s report,—

                                              2. consider the convener’s report; and
                                                1. make the Director’s decision under clause 5 in writing; and
                                                  1. provide to the applicant—
                                                    1. a copy of the convener’s report; and
                                                      1. a copy of the Director’s decision.
                                                      2. Subject to subclauses (2) to (5), the convener may regulate the convener’s procedures as the convener thinks fit.

                                                      Compare

                                                      5Decision of Director on application for medical certificate

                                                      1. Before issuing a medical certificate, the Director must have regard to the report of the medical examiner and any other information that may be relevant.

                                                      2. If the Director is satisfied that the applicant meets the medical standards prescribed in the rules, the Director must issue a medical certificate unless the Director believes on reasonable grounds that the applicant has any characteristic that may interfere with the safe exercise of the privileges to which the medical certificate relates.

                                                      3. Despite subclause (2), the Director may, relying on flexibility, issue a medical certificate to the applicant.

                                                      4. In subclause (3), flexibility means the use of judgment to issue a medical certificate if the following conditions are fulfilled:

                                                      5. an accredited medical conclusion indicates that in special circumstances either of the following is such that the exercise of the privileges to which a medical certificate relates is not likely to jeopardise aviation safety:
                                                        1. a failure by the applicant to meet the medical standards prescribed in the rules:
                                                          1. a respect in which the Director is not satisfied as to whether or not the applicant meets the medical standards prescribed in the rules; and
                                                          2. the relevant ability, skill, and experiences of the applicant and operational conditions have been given due consideration; and
                                                            1. the medical certificate is endorsed with any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements on which the safe performance of the applicant’s duties is dependent.
                                                              1. The Director may impose any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements on a medical certificate issued under this clause.

                                                              Compare

                                                              6Time requirement for decision on medical certificate

                                                              1. The Director must make a decision on an application for a medical certificate as soon as practicable, but no later than 30 working days after the date of receiving the report of the medical examiner.

                                                              2. If the Director under clause 3 requires an applicant to undertake any other test, examination, or re-examination, or to provide any medical information, the period in which the Director must make a decision in relation to the medical certificate does not include the number of days that are required to conduct and deliver the results of the test, examination, or re-examination, or to provide the medical information, to the Director.

                                                              Compare

                                                              7Expiry of medical certificate

                                                              1. The medical certificate has an effective date and duration as provided under the rules.

                                                              2. The Director may, on receiving an application for a medical certificate from a licence holder before the expiry of the licence holder’s existing medical certificate, grant an extension of no more than 60 days from the expiry date of the licence holder’s existing medical certificate with any additional conditions, restrictions, or endorsements that the Director considers necessary.

                                                              Compare

                                                              8Changes in medical condition of licence holder

                                                              1. If a licence holder is aware of, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, any change in the licence holder’s medical condition or the existence of any previously undetected medical condition that may interfere with the safe exercise of the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates, the licence holder—

                                                              2. must advise the Director of the change as soon as practicable; and
                                                                1. must not exercise the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates.
                                                                  1. If an aviation examiner, a medical examiner, or an operator (including an air traffic service provider) is aware of, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, any change in the medical condition of a licence holder or the existence of any previously undetected medical condition in the licence holder that may interfere with the safe exercise of the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates, the aviation examiner or medical examiner or operator must advise both the licence holder and the Director of the change as soon as practicable.

                                                                  2. If a medical practitioner has reasonable grounds to believe that a person is a licence holder and is aware, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, that the licence holder has a medical condition that may interfere with the safe exercise of the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates, the medical practitioner must, as soon as practicable,—

                                                                  3. inform the licence holder that the Director will be advised of the condition; and
                                                                    1. advise the Director of the condition.
                                                                      1. Subclauses (1) to (3) are subject to any directions that the Director may issue under clause 25(1)(b).

                                                                      Compare

                                                                      9Protection from liability for aviation examiner, medical examiner, or medical practitioner

                                                                      1. An aviation examiner, a medical examiner, or a medical practitioner is not subject to any civil or criminal liability for—

                                                                      2. doing an indemnified act in good faith in the course of carrying out the examiner’s or practitioner’s functions under this schedule; or
                                                                        1. doing an indemnified act in good faith in the course of answering any questions put to the examiner or practitioner by the Director that—
                                                                          1. concern a licence holder; and
                                                                            1. are relevant to any action the Director may take under this schedule.
                                                                            2. In this clause, indemnified act means any of the following acts:

                                                                            3. advising the Director, whether in writing or otherwise, that a licence holder—
                                                                              1. may not meet the medical standards prescribed in the rules; or
                                                                                1. may be unable to safely exercise the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates:
                                                                                2. expressing to the Director, whether in writing or otherwise, an opinion that the licence holder whom the aviation examiner or medical examiner or medical practitioner has examined or treated may be unable to safely exercise the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates because of—
                                                                                  1. illness or any bodily or mental infirmity, defect, incapacity, or risk of incapacity suffered by the licence holder; or
                                                                                    1. the effect on the licence holder of treatment for any illness, infirmity, defect, incapacity, or risk of incapacity:
                                                                                    2. stating to the Director, whether in writing or otherwise,—
                                                                                      1. the nature of a licence holder’s illness, infirmity, defect, incapacity, or risk of incapacity; or
                                                                                        1. the effect on a licence holder of treatment for any illness, infirmity, defect, incapacity, or risk of incapacity.
                                                                                        Compare

                                                                                        10Investigation of medical condition of licence holder

                                                                                        1. The Director may, by written notice, require any licence holder, at the licence holder’s expense, to undertake any tests, examinations, or re-examinations conducted by any suitably qualified and experienced person, or to provide any medical information, at any time before the expiry of the licence holder’s medical certificate, if the Director believes on reasonable grounds that the licence holder—

                                                                                        2. may be unable to safely exercise the privileges to which the medical certificate relates; or
                                                                                          1. has obtained the medical certificate fraudulently.
                                                                                            1. The Director may, by written notice, require any licence holder, at the CAA’s expense, to undertake any tests, examinations, or re-examinations conducted by any suitably qualified and experienced person, or to provide any medical information, at any time before the expiry of the licence holder’s medical certificate if—

                                                                                            2. the Director—
                                                                                              1. is monitoring licence holders on the basis of random selection from the register of current medical certificates that is required to be maintained under clause 23; or
                                                                                                1. believes on reasonable grounds that the licence holder’s medical certificate was issued in error; or
                                                                                                  1. is monitoring aviation examiners or medical examiners for compliance with the requirements of this Act or the rules; and
                                                                                                  2. the Director believes on reasonable grounds that any of those tests, examinations, or re-examinations are, or that the medical information is, necessary to investigate the matters specified in paragraph (a).
                                                                                                    1. The Director may, by written notice, require any licence holder to disclose, or authorise the disclosure of, any relevant information for the purpose of determining whether or not the licence holder—

                                                                                                    2. meets the medical standards prescribed in the rules; or
                                                                                                      1. is able to safely exercise the privileges to which the medical certificate relates.
                                                                                                        Compare

                                                                                                        11Investigation of medical condition of licence holder whose medical certificate was issued by medical examiner

                                                                                                        1. This clause applies if any medical certificate held by the licence holder was issued by a medical examiner to whom the authority to issue medical certificates was delegated by the Director under clause 27.

                                                                                                        2. The Director—

                                                                                                        3. may, within 60 days after the date the medical certificate was issued, by written notice to the licence holder, withdraw the medical certificate if the Director requires a licence holder to supply additional medical information; and
                                                                                                          1. must decide whether to reissue the medical certificate in accordance with clause 5.
                                                                                                            Compare

                                                                                                            12Revocation, suspension, and amendment of medical certificate

                                                                                                            1. If the Director believes on reasonable grounds that a licence holder may be unable to safely exercise the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates, the Director may, by written notice to the licence holder,—

                                                                                                            2. suspend any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; or
                                                                                                              1. impose or amend any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements on any medical certificate issued to the licence holder.
                                                                                                                1. If the Director believes on reasonable grounds that a licence holder is unable to safely exercise the privileges to which the licence holder’s medical certificate relates, the Director must, by written notice to the licence holder,—

                                                                                                                2. suspend any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; or
                                                                                                                  1. revoke any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; or
                                                                                                                    1. impose or amend any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements on any medical certificate issued to the licence holder.
                                                                                                                      1. If the Director believes on reasonable grounds that a person who has been delegated authority under clause 27 to issue a medical certificate has issued a medical certificate other than in accordance with this schedule or the rules or the terms of the delegated authority, the Director—

                                                                                                                      2. may, by written notice to the licence holder,—
                                                                                                                        1. suspend any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; or
                                                                                                                          1. revoke any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; or
                                                                                                                            1. impose or amend any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements on any medical certificate issued to the licence holder; and
                                                                                                                            2. may, by written notice to the person with delegated authority, revoke the person’s delegated authority.
                                                                                                                              1. Any notice issued under this clause must state the grounds for the Director’s decision.

                                                                                                                              Compare

                                                                                                                              13Duration of notice of suspension

                                                                                                                              1. A notice of suspension issued under clause 12(1)(a), (2)(a), or (3)(a)(i) remains in force until the Director determines what action, if any, referred to in clause 15 is to be taken.

                                                                                                                              2. Despite subclause (1), the suspension expires 10 working days after the date that it is imposed unless, before the expiry of that 10-working-day period, the Director extends the suspension for a further specified period not exceeding 10 working days.

                                                                                                                              3. The aggregate suspension period must not exceed 20 working days after the date on which the suspension is imposed.

                                                                                                                              Compare

                                                                                                                              14Duration of conditions, restrictions, or endorsement imposed or made

                                                                                                                              1. Any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements that are imposed or made under clause 12(1)(b), (2)(c), or (3)(a)(iii) remain in force until the Director determines what action, if any, referred to in clause 15 is to be taken.

                                                                                                                              2. Despite subclause (1), any condition, restriction, or endorsement expires 10 working days after the date that it is imposed unless, before the expiry of that 10-working-day period, the Director extends the condition, restriction, or endorsement for a further specified period not exceeding 10 working days.

                                                                                                                              3. The aggregate period must not exceed 20 working days after the date on which the conditions, restrictions, or endorsements are imposed.

                                                                                                                              Compare

                                                                                                                              15Further determination of Director after notice under clause 12

                                                                                                                              1. If a notice is issued under clause 12(1), (2), or (3), the Director may, by written notice, take 1 or more of the following actions:

                                                                                                                              2. impose or amend conditions, restrictions, or endorsements for a specified period:
                                                                                                                                1. withdraw any conditions, restrictions, or endorsements:
                                                                                                                                  1. disqualify the licence holder from holding the medical certificate for a specified period:
                                                                                                                                    1. revoke the medical certificate:
                                                                                                                                      1. cancel the suspension.
                                                                                                                                        Compare

                                                                                                                                        16Director may revoke medical certificate if licence holder fails to comply with requirement under clause 3

                                                                                                                                        1. The Director may, by written notice, revoke a medical certificate if a licence holder fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement under clause 3 within a reasonable period of time.

                                                                                                                                        Compare

                                                                                                                                        17Director may notify other aviation document holders if medical certificate revoked or conditions, restrictions, or endorsement imposed or made

                                                                                                                                        1. If the Director issues a notice under clause 12, 15, or 16, the Director—

                                                                                                                                        2. must also, if practicable, notify any aviation document holder affected by the notice, other than the licence holder, if the Director considers it necessary for reasons of aviation safety; and
                                                                                                                                          1. may notify any other affected aviation document holder.
                                                                                                                                            Compare

                                                                                                                                            18Surrender of medical certificate revoked, withdrawn, or suspended

                                                                                                                                            1. A person whose medical certificate is revoked, withdrawn, or suspended or who is disqualified from holding the medical certificate for a specified period must, if the document is capable of being surrendered (for example, if the document is in paper form), surrender the medical certificate to the Director, a person authorised by the Director, or a constable.

                                                                                                                                            Compare

                                                                                                                                            19Review of decisions regarding applications for medical certificates

                                                                                                                                            1. An applicant for a medical certificate may apply to the convener for a review of—

                                                                                                                                            2. a requirement of the Director under clause 3(2); or
                                                                                                                                              1. a decision of the Director under clause 5 other than a decision where the application concerned was referred to a convener under clause 4.
                                                                                                                                                Compare

                                                                                                                                                20Review of decisions regarding revocation, suspension, or amendment of medical certificate

                                                                                                                                                1. A licence holder may apply to the convener for a review of any decision made under any of clauses 12 to 16, other than a decision made under—

                                                                                                                                                2. clause 12(1); or
                                                                                                                                                  1. clause 12(2)(a); or
                                                                                                                                                    1. clause 12(2)(c); or
                                                                                                                                                      1. clause 12(3)(a)(i); or
                                                                                                                                                        1. clause 12(3)(a)(iii).
                                                                                                                                                          Compare

                                                                                                                                                          21Procedure for review

                                                                                                                                                          1. An application for review under clause 19 or 20 must—

                                                                                                                                                          2. be in writing; and
                                                                                                                                                            1. be made within 20 working days after the date of the decision; and
                                                                                                                                                              1. identify the aspects of the decision that the applicant is applying to be reviewed.
                                                                                                                                                                1. The convener must, as soon as practicable, review the decision.

                                                                                                                                                                2. The convener—

                                                                                                                                                                3. must draw on the advice and expertise of at least 1 person who the convener is satisfied is suitably qualified and experienced to assist the convener in the convener’s assessment of the decision that is under review; and
                                                                                                                                                                  1. must have regard to the purposes of this Act and the Director’s duties under this Act when carrying out the convener’s review of the decision; and
                                                                                                                                                                    1. may require the person who applied for the review, at the person’s expense, to undertake any other tests, examinations, or re-examinations conducted by any suitably qualified and experienced person, or to provide any medical information, as the convener considers reasonably necessary to carry out the convener’s review of the decision; and
                                                                                                                                                                      1. must receive and consider the relevant evidence provided under subclause (4).
                                                                                                                                                                        1. The licence holder, applicant, or Director may, either directly or through the person’s medical experts, participate in the review process by providing relevant evidence to the convener regarding any medical matter at issue with respect to the decision that is under review.

                                                                                                                                                                        2. The convener must, as soon as practicable, report the results of the convener’s review to the Director in writing.

                                                                                                                                                                        3. The Director must, within 10 working days of receiving the convener’s report,—

                                                                                                                                                                        4. implement the results of the convener’s report; or
                                                                                                                                                                          1. if the Director does not implement the results of the convener’s report, notify the licence holder or applicant, in writing, of the Director’s reasons for not doing so.
                                                                                                                                                                            1. The convener must not review a decision made by the Director if the convener—

                                                                                                                                                                            2. acted as an aviation examiner or a medical examiner of the person requesting the review with respect to the person’s application for a medical certificate; or
                                                                                                                                                                              1. has any other conflict of interest with respect to the person’s medical certificate.
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Any decision by the Director under review by the convener remains in force until the Director makes a final decision under subclause (6).

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                                                                                                                                                                                22Right of appeal to District Court

                                                                                                                                                                                1. A person affected by a decision of the Director under any of the following provisions has a right of appeal to the District Court under section 453:

                                                                                                                                                                                2. clause 3(2):
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. clause 5:
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. clause 15:
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. clause 16:
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. clause 21(6).
                                                                                                                                                                                          Compare

                                                                                                                                                                                          23Register of medical certificates

                                                                                                                                                                                          1. The Director must maintain a register of current medical certificates issued under this schedule.

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                                                                                                                                                                                          24Holder of medical certificate may return certificate voluntarily

                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Any licence holder may return the licence holder’s medical certificate to the Director and ask the Director, in writing, to cancel the medical certificate.

                                                                                                                                                                                          2. If a licence holder asks the Director to cancel the licence holder’s medical certificate, the Director must—

                                                                                                                                                                                          3. cancel the medical certificate; and
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. update the register of current medical certificates.
                                                                                                                                                                                              Compare

                                                                                                                                                                                              25General directions and emergency directives

                                                                                                                                                                                              1. The Director may issue general directions in relation to—

                                                                                                                                                                                              2. conducting examinations of applicants and licence holders, and reporting the results of those examinations to the Director; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. providing exceptions for temporary medical conditions to the reporting requirements set out in clause 8; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. specifying the requirements of examinations or other clinical matters, which must be reasonable, including, but not limited to,—
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. the medical content of examinations:
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. the interpretation and analysis of results of examinations:
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. the significance of results of examinations for the purpose of determining whether or not an applicant is eligible for a medical certificate under clause 5.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Before issuing general directions under subclause (1), the Director must consult with those persons, health professionals with aviation medical experience, representative groups within the aviation industry or elsewhere, government departments, and Crown agencies that the Director considers appropriate.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. General directions issued in relation to the matters specified in subclause (1)(a) or (c) must be—

                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. notified in writing to aviation examiners or medical examiners; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. incorporated in a medical manual issued by the Director.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. The Director may issue directives in emergency situations without prior consultation.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. An emergency directive under subclause (4)—

                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. takes effect when it is issued, or at any later time specified in it; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. expires on the day that is 90 days after the date on which it is issued.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. The Director may reissue as a general direction, under subclause (1), directives issued under subclause (4) before or after they expire.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                26Delegation of Director’s powers under this schedule to medical practitioners who are employees of CAA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. The Director may, either generally or particularly, delegate to any suitably qualified medical practitioner who is an employee of the CAA any of the Director’s functions and powers under this schedule or under the rules relating to medical certification.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Every delegation under this clause must be in writing.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Sections 460 and 461 apply with any necessary modifications to a delegation under this clause.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                4. Any delegation under this clause may be made to a suitably qualified medical practitioner who is the holder of a specified office of the CAA.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                27Delegation of Director’s power under this schedule to medical examiners who are not employees of CAA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. The Director may, either generally or particularly, delegate to any suitably qualified medical examiner who is not an employee of the CAA any of the Director’s functions and powers under this schedule or under the rules relating to medical certification other than the power under this schedule to revoke medical certificates.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Despite subclause (1), the Director must delegate to suitably qualified medical examiners who are not employees of the CAA the power to issue medical certificates to any person who qualifies for a medical certificate under clause 5(2) or who otherwise meets the criteria for a standard medical assessment as prescribed in the rules.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Every delegation under this clause must be in writing.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                4. Subject to any general or special directions given or conditions imposed by the Director, any medical examiner to whom any functions or powers are delegated under this clause may exercise those functions and powers in the same manner and with the same effect as if they had been conferred or imposed on the person directly by this Act and not by delegation.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                5. Any delegation under this clause may be made to a specified medical examiner or a specified class of medical examiner or to the holder or holders of a specified office.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                6. Every delegation under this clause must be given for a specified period but in any event must be revocable at will.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                7. Every delegation under this clause continues in force until it is revoked or it expires, whether or not the person who made the delegation ceases to hold office.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                28Further provisions relating to delegation of Director’s power under clause 27

                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. No delegation under clause 27 may—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. affect or prevent the exercise of any function or power by the Director; or
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. affect the responsibility of the Director for the actions of any person acting under the delegation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. A person purporting to act under any delegation under clause 27 may, when reasonably requested to do so, produce evidence of the person’s authority to so act.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. The Director must not delegate under clause 27 any of the Director’s functions or powers under clause 4 or 21.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    29Designation of aviation examiners and medical examiners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. The Director must designate, by issuing an aviation document under section 75, 1 or more medical examiners to conduct examinations under clause 2.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. The Director may designate, by issuing an aviation document under section 75, 1 or more aviation examiners to conduct specified examinations that the Director may require under this schedule.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    30Appointment of convener and deputy convener

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. The Minister must—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. appoint a convener and a deputy convener for a period of no longer than 3 years; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. consult with the Director, and other parties as the Minister thinks fit, before making either appointment; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. take into account any representations made under paragraph (b).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. The Minister may renew an appointment as convener or deputy convener for 1 or more periods, each of which must not exceed 3 years.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. If the Minister renews an appointment, the Minister must—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. consult with the Director, and other parties as the Minister thinks fit, before making the renewal; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. take into account any representations made under paragraph (a).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. The convener and the deputy convener must—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. be medical practitioners who are suitably qualified, and experienced or knowledgeable in civil aviation; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. be able to represent the public interest in aviation safety.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. If the convener is unavailable for any reason, the deputy convener must perform the duties of the convener under this clause until—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. the convener is available; or
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. the Minister has appointed a new convener.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. The convener or deputy convener continues in office despite the expiry of the person’s term until a successor is appointed or the person’s appointment is renewed.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      31Cancellation of appointment as convener or deputy convener

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. The Minister may cancel a person’s appointment under clause 30 if the person fails to perform satisfactorily the person’s duties as convener or deputy convener, as the case may be.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Before cancelling an appointment, the Minister must—

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. give the person written notice of the matters that constitute grounds for cancellation; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. give the person a reasonable opportunity to make representations that explain why the person’s appointment should not be cancelled; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. take into account any representations made under paragraph (b).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. If the Minister cancels an appointment, the Minister must give the person written notice of the cancellation that sets out the grounds for the cancellation.

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